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A new approach for evaluating the water resistance of sunscreens on consumers: tap water vs. salt water vs. chlorine water.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014 Jun; 36(3):284-90.IJ

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

An efficient sunscreen product needs to offer broad spectrum photostable UV protection during consumer use. Water resistance has become an additional criterion requested by consumers spending time near water or outdoors. Polymers generally provide water resistance to formulations and are critical to the formation and stability of a sunscreen film on skin when exposed to water. The present work introduces a new in vivo screening approach to measure water resistance using UVA-induced fluorescence imaging.

METHODS

The approach has been applied to several formulations containing different polymers and compared to commercial products, for the three main water types: tap, salt and chlorinated water. All testing has been performed on the forearms of 10 subjects using UVA imaging. In addition, the skin whitening has been measured for all formulations on five subjects when exposed to water by visible light imaging.

RESULTS

Our approach showed clear differences in water resistance values among the formulations tested, reflecting the importance of the formulation and the polymers used. The method proved capable of discriminating not only sunscreen performances with different water proofing ingredients but also water specific sunscreens such as a beach dedicated product showing a 20% higher resistance to salt water vs. tap and chlorine waters.

CONCLUSION

The use of UVA-induced fluorescence imaging on skin proved a useful in vivo approach for measuring the water resistance performances for various sunscreen lotions with a wide range of skin whitening effects in water. Our method showed how high water resistance can be combined in a Wet skin(®) sunscreen with superior non whitening effect on the skin.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Puccetti G
Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, 08807, U.S.A.
Fares H
No affiliation info available

MeSH

ChlorineDrug StabilityHumansSeawaterSkinSpectrometry, FluorescenceSunscreening Agents

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

24597927

Citation

Puccetti, G, and H Fares. "A New Approach for Evaluating the Water Resistance of Sunscreens On Consumers: Tap Water Vs. Salt Water Vs. Chlorine Water." International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 36, no. 3, 2014, pp. 284-90.
Puccetti G, Fares H. A new approach for evaluating the water resistance of sunscreens on consumers: tap water vs. salt water vs. chlorine water. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014;36(3):284-90.
Puccetti, G., & Fares, H. (2014). A new approach for evaluating the water resistance of sunscreens on consumers: tap water vs. salt water vs. chlorine water. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 36(3), 284-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12126
Puccetti G, Fares H. A New Approach for Evaluating the Water Resistance of Sunscreens On Consumers: Tap Water Vs. Salt Water Vs. Chlorine Water. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014;36(3):284-90. PubMed PMID: 24597927.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - A new approach for evaluating the water resistance of sunscreens on consumers: tap water vs. salt water vs. chlorine water. AU - Puccetti,G, AU - Fares,H, Y1 - 2014/03/29/ PY - 2014/01/09/received PY - 2014/02/25/accepted PY - 2014/3/7/entrez PY - 2014/3/7/pubmed PY - 2015/1/13/medline KW - claim substantiation KW - emulsions KW - polymers KW - sunscreen KW - water resistance KW - whitening SP - 284 EP - 90 JF - International journal of cosmetic science JO - Int J Cosmet Sci VL - 36 IS - 3 N2 - OBJECTIVE: An efficient sunscreen product needs to offer broad spectrum photostable UV protection during consumer use. Water resistance has become an additional criterion requested by consumers spending time near water or outdoors. Polymers generally provide water resistance to formulations and are critical to the formation and stability of a sunscreen film on skin when exposed to water. The present work introduces a new in vivo screening approach to measure water resistance using UVA-induced fluorescence imaging. METHODS: The approach has been applied to several formulations containing different polymers and compared to commercial products, for the three main water types: tap, salt and chlorinated water. All testing has been performed on the forearms of 10 subjects using UVA imaging. In addition, the skin whitening has been measured for all formulations on five subjects when exposed to water by visible light imaging. RESULTS: Our approach showed clear differences in water resistance values among the formulations tested, reflecting the importance of the formulation and the polymers used. The method proved capable of discriminating not only sunscreen performances with different water proofing ingredients but also water specific sunscreens such as a beach dedicated product showing a 20% higher resistance to salt water vs. tap and chlorine waters. CONCLUSION: The use of UVA-induced fluorescence imaging on skin proved a useful in vivo approach for measuring the water resistance performances for various sunscreen lotions with a wide range of skin whitening effects in water. Our method showed how high water resistance can be combined in a Wet skin(®) sunscreen with superior non whitening effect on the skin. SN - 1468-2494 UR - https://cancerres.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24597927/A_new_approach_for_evaluating_the_water_resistance_of_sunscreens_on_consumers:_tap_water_vs__salt_water_vs__chlorine_water_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -